The ’knife treatment’, being recommended in ten cases of the last three. It covers a multitude of pathological conditions, including the abdomen, stomach, anus, skin, heart, migraine, eyes, bites (from man and crocodiles), burns, beating and flesh wounds, teeth and tongue, ear, nose and throat, gynaecology, household pests, ulcers, tumours and swellings. The use of generic determinatives for diseases due to for example, worms, where there are numerous possibilities (Guinea, Tape, Round etc). Translation and interpretation are compounded further by disease terms specific to the ancient Egyptians (like our ‘dropsy’ or ‘consumption’), that have not been translated yet. Unfortunately, the texts are mixed together, with many paragraphs out of order, with some repetition, suggesting different sources were copied and included. It is a collection of different medical texts. It is unusual in the fact that the 110 pages of it are all numbered by the scribe. It is in good condition, and dates to the 9th year of Amenhotep I c. It is written in a clear hand and is by far the longest of the medical papyri. Ghaliounghui 1987 translated it into English, but never published. In 1958 the definitive translation was by Deiness, Grapow and Westendorf in Vol IV I of the Gundriss into German. For example, translating an injury from an acacia thorn, as a complication of circumcision! (Ebers 732). Ebbell in 1937, proving very popular, but very inaccurate in his medical diagnosis of conditions described, due to his lack of linguistic capability. Numerous translations and interpretations have been attempted. He published it in 1873 under his name, as the Ebers papyrus. It was also known as the Edwin Smith papyrus until 1873. Possibly it came from the same tomb as the Edwin Smith, but by the time its importance was recognized, the finders had died and so the tomb remained unidentified. The Ebers Papyrus was originally purchased by Edwin Smith in 1862, at the same time as the Edwin Smith papyrus, supposedly originating from between the legs of a mummy in Assassif. The definitive translation and interpretation of this papyrus is by Gonzalo M Sanchez and Edmund S Meltzer 2012. There is then a recipe for transforming an old man into a youth and the recto closes with a local application to relieve an obscure illness of the anus.’ (Nunn ) Randomly, it then mentions ‘the recipe for a woman with retained menstrual (possibly conceptual, in my opinion) products and two recipes to improve the complexion. It is clearly in a different hand and contains eight incantations, some associated with medicine. In typical scribal fashion, so as not to waste a valuable material, the verso is also inscribed. Unfortunately, it finishes very abruptly in the middle of case 48, literally ending mid-sentence. This is ‘the same pattern followed by placing various parts of the body, under the protection of the various gods in Spell 42 in the Book of the Dead, and also for the placing of the parts of the body of a cat under divine protection after being stung by a scorpion ‘(Metternich stela, Spell 111). These are conveniently described in ascending order of severity, starting at the top of the head and working downwards. Luckhardt, a professor of physiology, and led to the publication of the translation in 1930.It is the only surviving treatise on medical trauma and its treatment to be found, and is a didactic manual on how to examine, diagnose and treat traumas. Smith's knowledge of hieratic was not sufficient to enable him to translate the papyrus, a task which was undertaken by James Henry Breasted, aided by Arno B. In 1862 he also purchased the papyrus which came to bear his name, from a dealer called Mustapha Aga at Luxor. It was thus best known as the Ebers Papyrus. In 1862 he came temporarily into possession of a medical papyrus which was sold by its Egyptian owner to Georg Ebers in 1873 and published by Ebers in 1875. Smith was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and lived in Egypt during the latter half of the 19th century. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Edwin Smith.Įdwin Smith (1822 – April 27, 1906) was an American dealer and collector of antiquities who gave his name to an Ancient Egyptian medical papyrus, the Edwin Smith Papyrus.
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